Episode 1: Lab Life

Today the borders between the arts and sciences are becoming more porous. Some artists and designers are even leaving behind their studios for laboratories where they are collaborating with scientists. In this episode we venture into the mysterious borderland between these two worlds, encountering the techniques used by crystallographers to shed light on the invisible structures of matter – techniques which have inspired designers and artists for decades.

In this episode Emily Candela visits the X-ray crystallographer Stephen Curry at his Imperial College lab, and speaks with the glass artist Shelley James – one of those artists who has entered the lab – about her collaboration with King's College London X-ray crystallographer Brian Sutton. See more of the works that have come out of their collaboration on the ATOMIC radio website.

Shelley James’ work will be on show at the summer 2014 Jerwood Makers exhibition, opening on the 11th of July.

Duration: 28m 36s
Broadcast: Resonance 104.4 FM May 23, 2014

Download the programme as an mp3 file (26.1 MB) here

Episode 2: Atomic Fiction

In this episode we look in on the love affair between the science of atoms and fiction – from crystallographers' most inventive models of the invisible sub-microscopic world to the atomic dramas chronicled in artist Tacita Dean's film The Structure of Ice. We hear from Science Museum curator Boris Jardin, an expert not only on crystallography models but also on the relationship between art and science, and Emily Candela reflects on the place of imaginative speculation in science and the arts with Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg, an artist and designer who makes a career of walking the line between science and fiction.

Duration: 29m 2s
Broadcast: Resonance 104.4 FM May 30, 2014

Download the programme as an mp3 file (26.5 MB) here

Episode 3: To Break Into Pieces

X-ray crystallographers make the invisible structures of atoms in matter visible. But in order to do so, they must transform their subject matter into a nearly indecipherable code – this is the process of X-ray diffraction. Diffraction, from the Latin for ‘to break into pieces’, is central to a crystallographer’s process of translating from the invisible to the visible. To access the internal structure of a crystal, crystallographers shoot a beam of X-rays through it, and when they hit the atoms inside, these X-rays diffract: they split apart and spread out before reaching a photographic detector on the other side.

This episode explores the ways in which breaking something into pieces can help to understand it, from the story of crystallographer Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction photograph that revealed the DNA double helix, to artist and academic Lina Hakim on what breaking toys apart has in common with crystallography, and the work of composer Margaret Schedel who is experimenting with new ways for scientists to understand X-ray data more deeply – by using their ears.

When X-ray crystallographers pass a beam of X-rays through a crystal, these X-rays leave a pattern on the other side, creating a diffraction photograph like this one. In this episode, you’ll hear sound designer Sam Conran translation of this diffraction photograph – as well as a diffraction photo of quasicrystals – into sound.

Duration: 29m 3s
Broadcast: Resonance 104.4 FM June 6, 2014

Download the programme as an mp3 file here

Episode 4: A 'Women's Science'?

X-ray crystallography has long had a reputation for being a scientific field with a significant number of female practitioners, especially in the first half of the twentieth century when it was rare to find women in any scientific discipline. This episode looks at how ideas of 'women's work' did – and did not – affect the lives of crystallography’s pioneering female scientists, with the help of our guest this week, science writer Georgina Ferry, whose writing is re-framing the issue of women in crystallography.

We take a peek into the life of X-ray crystallographer Dorothy Hodgkin, who in 1964 became the only British woman ever to win a science Nobel Prize. Then we spotlight the work, across science and design, of the X-ray crystallographer Helen Megaw (pictured) who spearheaded the Festival Pattern Group, which created spectacular patterns for household goods based on crystal diagrams all the way back in the 1950s.

Duration: 29m 34s
Broadcast: Resonance 104.4 FM June 13, 2014

Download the programme as an mp3 file here

Episode 5: Inside the Myoglobin of a Whale

This episode is broadcast from inside a molecule of a sperm whale’s myoglobin, a protein in muscle tissue (to find out what we mean by that, you’ll have to listen to this episode!). 

We'll learn about dramatically magnified molecules – specifically,  about molecular forms that have been translated into architectures that dwarf the human body. We’ll hear from cultural historian Celeste Olalquiaga on the ruin of a helical mall in Caracas, Venezuela, and the historian of science Soraya de Chadarevian, who will illuminate the fantastical molecular forms broadcast on television during the Cold War.

For this week’s show we’ve also created our own molecular architecture – one perceivable only through sound. It’s a virtual reverb space build by ATOMIC radio sound designer Sam Conran, inspired by a model of a molecule of a sperm whale’s myoglobin, a protein found in the whale’s muscle tissue. Inside this myoglobin molecule we’ll hear a new radio play written just for this molecular sound space by the writer Daniel Marrone, performed by Janina Lange and Edwina Attlee.

Find out more about myoglobin, the first protein structure discovered by X-ray crystallographers, here and at the Protein Data Bank, an enormous archive of the atomic structures of every protein scientists have mapped that was also a vital source for the sound space we made for this episode.

Duration: 28m 6s
Broadcast: Resonance 104.4 FM June 20, 2014

Download the programme as an mp3 file here

Episode 6: A Dark Art

X-ray crystallography has the power to reveal the most fundamental structures of matter, but there is a lot that the science can’t see. This episode explores the ways in which crystallography – and much art – traffics in shadows and blind spots. We feature a sculpture partially composed of light by the artist Conrad Shawcross and and hear from the artist about the crystallographer who inspired his piece.

And in honour of X-ray crystallographers’ explorations of the structures of nature, we close the ATOMIC radioseries by discerning some structures for ourselves. The journalist and founder of super/collider, Chris Hatherill joins Emily in the studio to share his five favourite structures from nature. Chris shines new light on deceptively simple structures like the snowflake and takes us to the cutting edge of current scientific mysteries.

Duration: 29m 59s
Broadcast: Resonance 104.4 FM June 27, 2014

Download the programme as an mp3 file here 

Bragging about Crystallography

Professor Elspeth Garman commemorates a century since the publication of an idea that made discovering protein structures possible: The Bragg Equation. She takes us from the Braggs' father-and-son discovery of x-ray crystallography and publication of the structure of table salt in 1913, to the cutting-edge work happening in her lab at Oxford University. Her team's past projects have included determining the structure of the N9 part of influenza viruses, which was used to develop antiviral drugs. She explains how this work and cryogenically cooling proteins to preserve them inside the Diamond Light Source synchrotron are where crystallography is heading.

Quentin Cooper discusses these ideas with Professor Garman as part of BBC Radio 4's programme Material World, which makes a road trip to the 2013 Science Festival at Cheltenham.

Producers: Jen Whyntie and Ania Lichtarowicz

Broadcast: BBC Radio 4 June 6, 2013 

Episode 1

From an early age, Dorothy ran the family home, looking after her younger siblings while her parents travelled the world. In 1928, her parents encouraged her to apply to Oxford University to read chemistry, confident in her intellectual ability. But her father worried that, without a good haircut, her appearance might let her down and her distant but devoted mother repeatedly warned her not to work too hard.

Duration: 13m 33s
Broadcast: BBC Radio 4 October 6, 2014

Episode 2

In the early 1930s, Dorothy and her lover, J.D. Bernal were passionately committed to cracking chemical structures. Letters, both scientific and highly personal, flew back and forth between them, as hugely complex molecules competed with equally complex affairs of the heart.

Duration: 13m 52s
Broadcast: BBC Radio 4 October 7, 2014

Episode 3

Undeterred by wartime and motherhood, Dorothy determined the structure of penicillin in 1945 while breastfeeding her daughter Liz. As ever, her mother urged her to go gently but, inspired by her discoveries, Dorothy worked harder than ever.

Duration: 14m 5s
Broadcast: BBC Radio 4 October 8, 2014

Episode 4

By the late 1940s, Dorothy was well established as a major scientific talent. In 1947, she was elected as one of the first female fellows of the highly prestigious, Royal Society. Her fame spread around the world. And, in 1955, to great acclaim, she determined the structure of vitamin B12, a factor in pernicious anaemia.

Duration: 13m 56s
Broadcast: BBC Radio 4 October 9, 2014

Episode 5

Later in life, Dorothy returned to work on insulin, a monstrously complicated molecule that, in the end, took 35 years to solve. She was also an active campaigner for peace, travelling to China and Russia during the Cold War and writing to Margaret Thatcher about nuclear disarmament and chemical weapons. In 1964, she won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry and, to this day remains the only British woman to be awarded such an honour.

Duration: 14m 4s
Broadcast: BBC Radio 4 October 10, 2014

The Braggs at Leeds - X-rays from 1890 to 1990

X-rays were discovered by Röntgen in 1895 and were immediately applied to medicine. It soon became clear that there were dangers to operators. Key players in physics at the start of the 20th century included J. J. Thomson, Barkla, Von Laue and Rutherford. They were joined in 1909 by W. H. Bragg when he was appointed to the Cavendish Professorship of Physics at Leeds. This talk by Denis Greig looks at the work of these early pioneers and at the beginnings of X-ray studies and generation of the necessary 100keV. It ends with X-ray in recent times and the arrival of synchrotrons and national and international X-ray facilities.

Part of the Bragg Centenary Event at the University of Leeds, 23 March 2013.
Organised by the Museum of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine.
Generously supported by the British Society for the History of Science.
In Association with the British Crystallographic Association.

Category: Education. Duration: 22m 51s
Licence: Standard YouTube Licence